抽油機在機械采油設備應用論文


摘  要
機械采油設備是油田的主要耗能設備，而機械采油設備中的抽油機占90%左右,因此抽油機能耗的高低對油田節(jié)能降耗影響甚大。針對目前抽油機存在平衡效果差，裝機功率過高，效率低這一問題，設計一種游梁隨動游梁平衡抽油機，以達到減小減速箱曲柄軸峰值扭矩，降低能耗，節(jié)約運行成本的目的，提高抽油機地面效率。
游梁隨動平衡抽油機的設計特點是：在游梁上安裝一個滑塊,該滑塊通過副連桿與抽油機的連桿相連,在游梁抽油機的后部加一個類似與變矩平衡裝置的滑軌,在滑軌上安裝平衡塊。在游梁的末端安裝一個支架上面放置滑輪，鋼絲繩繞在滑輪上將滑塊和平衡塊相連。通過在下沖程過程中，調節(jié)力臂的大小，同時游梁上的平衡塊上升，儲存一定的位能，避免了對電動機做負功。在上沖程過程中，調節(jié)力臂的大小，同時將下沖程儲存的位能釋放，用來提升抽油桿和油柱。實現(xiàn)上下沖程運動的平衡。該設計結構簡單，而且可靠性強。便于加工和維修。
本文對新型6型抽油機驢頭懸點運動規(guī)律進行精確分析，通過懸點沖程長度，計算四連桿尺寸，并著重對減速箱曲柄軸扭矩進行計算，編寫了相應的計算程序，將不同尺寸時四連桿機構得到的扭矩曲線進行比較，選擇扭矩曲線比較平穩(wěn)，峰值小且無負扭矩的一組作為設計參數(shù)，對主要零部件進行結構設計，力學分析計算及強度校核。

關鍵詞：抽油機；新型結構；設計獨特；扭矩曲線

 
Abstract
Machinery oilfield production equipment is the main energy-consuming equipment, machinery and equipment of oil pumping unit represented 90% Pumping energy therefore the level of energy consumption oilfield great impact. Pumping light of the present balance exists poor results, high power generators, low efficiency of this problem, the design of a beam with the dynamic balance beam pumps to reduce the crank shaft gear box peak torque, lower energy consumption, saving the purpose of operating costs, improve efficiency Pumping ground.
Balance beam pumping unit design features are : You beam installed a slider, Slide the stick through the pumping unit and the connecting rod connected, beam pumping unit in the rear plus a similar change with the moment balance device slide, slide block installed on balance. The beam at the end of the installation of a pulley, the pulley rope around the slider and the balance will be connected to the block. Through the course of the next stroke, regulating the size of the arm, while the balance beam You block up, a potential energy storage, the right to avoid negative electrical work done. Stroke in the process, regulating the size of the arm, while under-stroke stored potential energy release, rod and used to enhance oil column. Upper-stroke movement balance. The design of simple structure, and reliability. Facilitate the processing and maintenance.
For the new six-horse head pumping unit head movement for accurate analysis of the law, through the rod stroke length, the four-bar linkage estimated size, and stresses the right gear box crank shaft torque, the preparation of the corresponding computer program, right under four different sizes and link donkey head, box beam deceleration has been the weight of the torque curve, the choice of torque curve relatively stable, There is no small peak torque of a negative group as design parameters, the main components of the structural design, mechanical analysis and strength check.

Key  words : Pumping unit; New Structure; Unique design; Torque curve
 
目  錄
第1章  緒　論 1
第2章  6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機總體方案確定及基本理論 4
2.1 6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機的結構方案的確定 4
2.2 6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機運動分析 6
2.3 6型游梁隨動平衡四桿機構尺寸計算 10
2.4 6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機懸點載荷計算 11
2.5 6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機減速箱及曲柄扭矩計算 22
2.6 新型6型抽油機減速箱的選擇及電動機功率的計算方法 24
第3章  6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機強度校核 27
3.1 6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機所受外力 27
3.2 6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機零件強度計算 28
第4章　6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機與常規(guī)6型抽油機進行比較 32
4.1 扭矩曲線及計算結果 32
4.2 周期載荷系數(shù)CLF 33
結  論 34
參考文獻 35
致  謝 36
附　錄 37