基于高次方程的凸輪優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)
Design of cam according to the high index number equality optimization

摘    要
配氣機(jī)構(gòu)是內(nèi)燃機(jī)的重要組成部分，配氣凸輪是決定配氣機(jī)構(gòu)工作性能的關(guān)鍵零件，如何設(shè)計(jì)和加工出具有合理型線(xiàn)的凸輪是整個(gè)配氣系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中最為重要的問(wèn)題。
文章首先對(duì)凸輪進(jìn)行分段設(shè)計(jì)，然后利用最大速度和最大加速度位置基于高次方程凸輪運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律設(shè)計(jì)通過(guò)Matlab軟件進(jìn)行凸輪型線(xiàn)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，根據(jù)搖臂比計(jì)算氣門(mén)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律，然后通過(guò)變搖臂比對(duì)凸輪運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律進(jìn)行反求，借鑒高次方程的凸輪設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，得出一種凸輪設(shè)計(jì)的新方法，對(duì)氣門(mén)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，將新設(shè)計(jì)凸輪型線(xiàn)與原始凸輪型線(xiàn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，分析出新設(shè)計(jì)比原設(shè)計(jì)上在升程、速度和加速度方面所得到的提高，據(jù)此得出新設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)配氣機(jī)構(gòu)乃至整車(chē)所發(fā)揮的作用。

關(guān)鍵詞：凸輪；高次方程；變搖臂比；優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)

 
ABSTRACT
It is the importance of the internal combustion engine to constitute part to go together with to annoy organization, go together with to annoy a cam is to decide to go together with the key spare parts of annoying the organization work function, how design and process to submit the cam of having the reasonable type line is the most important problem in the whole design that go together with to annoy system.
The article carries on a cent to the cam first segment design, then make use of the biggest speed and the biggest acceleration position exercises according to Gao power distance cam the regulation design carry on a cam type through a Matlab software line of excellent turn a design, according to shaking an arm ratio to compute air valve sport regulation, then pass and change and shake arm compare exercise to the cam the regulation carry on anti- beg, draw lessons from Gao power distance of cam design experience, get a kind of cam design of new method, to air valve sport the regulation carry on excellent turn a design, will lately design a cam type the line and original cam type line carry on contrast and analyze lately design ratio original design up gain in the aspects of rising distance, speed and acceleration of exaltation, on these grounds get a new design to go together with to annoy organization is to the whole car develop of function.

Key words: cam; high index number equality; proportion of changing; optimization design
 
目    錄
1緒論 1
1.1配氣凸輪結(jié)構(gòu)形式及特點(diǎn) 1
1.1.1等加速凸輪 1
1.1.2組合多項(xiàng)式型 2
1.1.3高次方凸輪 2
1.1.4多項(xiàng)動(dòng)力凸輪 2
1.2配氣機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)力特性計(jì)算模型 3
1.2.1單質(zhì)盆模型 3
1.2.2二質(zhì)量模型 3
1.2.3多自由度模型 3
1.2.4有限元模型 3
1.3配氣凸輪型線(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 4
1.4配氣凸輪優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法 5
1.4.1靜態(tài)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 6
1.4.2動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 6
1.5凸輪優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié) 7
1.6課題研究主要內(nèi)容 8
2基于高次方程凸輪型線(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì) 9
2.1普通高次多項(xiàng)式凸輪型線(xiàn)的設(shè)計(jì) 9
2.1.1緩沖曲線(xiàn)的設(shè)計(jì) 10
2.1.2工作段運(yùn)動(dòng)曲線(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì) 12
2.2高次多項(xiàng)式凸輪的新型設(shè)計(jì)方法 14
2.3汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)凸輪型線(xiàn)的改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì) 15
2.3.1汽油機(jī)配氣凸輪型線(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)的原則 15
2.3.2發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)氣凸輪的改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì) 16
2.3.3改進(jìn)凸輪型線(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)的MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn) 17
2.4本章小結(jié) 19
3基于高次方程的氣門(mén)理想運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律計(jì)算 20
3.1氣門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)理論基礎(chǔ) 20
3.2氣門(mén)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律要素 20
3.2.1氣門(mén)有準(zhǔn)確的配氣相位 20
3.2.2良好的充氣性能 20
3.2.3工作平穩(wěn) 20
3.3氣門(mén)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的設(shè)計(jì) 21
3.4本章小結(jié) 21
4利用變搖臂比反求凸輪型線(xiàn) 22
4.1計(jì)算變搖臂比 22
4.1.1搖臂的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析 22
4.1.2搖臂比的計(jì)算 23
4.2確定凸輪的升程函數(shù) 24
4.3分析原設(shè)計(jì)與變搖臂比設(shè)計(jì) 24
4.4本章小結(jié) 26
5總結(jié)與展望 28
5.1總結(jié) 28
5.2展望 28
參考文獻(xiàn) 30
致    謝 32