摘要
隨著電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展，單片機(jī)以其體積小、功能強(qiáng)、功耗低的特點(diǎn)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。本著實(shí)用、可靠、安全、簡(jiǎn)潔及經(jīng)濟(jì)等原則，本課題將應(yīng)用單片機(jī)ATmega128和一些常用器件構(gòu)建一個(gè)輸油管道監(jiān)測(cè)信號(hào)采集統(tǒng)：對(duì)從傳感器獲取的壓力、流量及溫度信號(hào)進(jìn)行采集，并將所測(cè)信號(hào)的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)顯示、發(fā)送。本系統(tǒng)可對(duì)管道進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)，以防止管道由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間腐蝕、磨損、壓力等原因會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些損傷。本文首先對(duì)單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)流程及AVR單片機(jī)的開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的介紹，隨后對(duì)輸油管道監(jiān)測(cè)信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)的硬件部分進(jìn)行了分析，最后對(duì)此系統(tǒng)的軟件部分進(jìn)行了詳盡的設(shè)計(jì)。

關(guān)鍵字：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī)；數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)；串行通信；ATmega128；usart；顯示
 
ABSTRACT
Beeause of its economieal，effeetive and safe characteristies，pipeline is one of the important means of transportation，especially in the petrochemil and natural gas industry. The pipeline may have defects beeause of the long time erosion，abrasion and high pressure. So the piprline must be monitored.
With the development of electronic technology, SCM has been widely used because of its small size,strong function,the characteristics of low power consumption.Taking practical, reliable, safe, simple and economic principles into consideration,this issue will build a signal acquisition system monitoring pipelines based on ATmega128 microcontroller.This systerm not only acquires pressure、flow and temperature signals from sensors,but also makes the measured data show and send.In this paper, the SCM application system development process and AVR microcontroller development environment are made a brief introduction, and then the hardware part of a signal acquisition system monitoring pipelines is analysed. Finally the software part of this systerm is designed detailedly.

Keywords: SCM; data acquisition system; serial communication; ATmega128; usart
 
目錄
第1章 前言 1
1.1課題研究的背景 1
1.2課題研究的目的及意義 1
第2章 單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)方法 2
2.1單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)流程 2
2.1.1確定系統(tǒng)的功能與性能 2
2.1.2確定系統(tǒng)基本結(jié)構(gòu) 3
2.1.3 硬件設(shè)計(jì) 3
2.1.4 軟件設(shè)計(jì) 4
2.1.5 硬件調(diào)試、軟件調(diào)試 5
2.2數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單介紹 7
2.3 AVR單片機(jī)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)工具 9
2.4單片機(jī)ATmega128介紹 9
2.4.1單片機(jī)ATmega128簡(jiǎn)介 9
2.4.2 ATmega128的特點(diǎn) 10
第3章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 11
3.1 系統(tǒng)硬件總體設(shè)計(jì) 11
3.1.1硬件任務(wù) 11
3.1.2系統(tǒng)總體框圖 11
3．2 系統(tǒng)硬件各功能模塊構(gòu)建 12
3.2.1 壓力信號(hào)采集模塊 12
3.2.2 流量信號(hào)采集模塊 13
3.2.3溫度信號(hào)采集模塊 13
3.2.4 通信模塊 14
3.2.5 顯示模塊 15
3.2.6 電源模塊 15
3.2.7 時(shí)鐘模塊 16
第4章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 17
4.1系統(tǒng)軟件總體設(shè)計(jì) 17
4.1.1軟件任務(wù) 17
4.1.2系統(tǒng)軟件總體介紹 17
4.1.3軟件的變量定義及函數(shù)聲明 18
4.1.4初始化函數(shù) 20
4.1.5定時(shí)一秒的實(shí)現(xiàn) 21
4.2系統(tǒng)軟件各功能模塊設(shè)計(jì) 24
4.2.1壓力信號(hào)采集及處理模塊 24
4.2.2流量信號(hào)采集及處理模塊 27
4.2.3溫度信號(hào)采集及處理模塊 29
4.2.4數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送通信模塊  31
4.2.5 LCD顯示模塊 36
第5章 結(jié)論 41
致謝 42
參考文獻(xiàn) 43