摘要：步進電機是將電脈沖信號轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻俏灰苹蚓€位移的開環(huán)控制元步進電機件。在非超載的情況下，電機的轉(zhuǎn)速、停止的位置只取決于脈沖信號的頻率和脈沖數(shù)，而不受負載變化的影響，當步進驅(qū)動器接收到一個脈沖信號，它就驅(qū)動步進電機按設(shè)定的方向轉(zhuǎn)動一個固定的角度，稱為“步距角”，它的旋轉(zhuǎn)是以固定的角度一步一步運行的。可以通過控制脈沖個數(shù)來控制角位移量，從而達到準確定位的目的；同時可以通過控制脈沖頻率來控制電機轉(zhuǎn)動的速度和加速度，從而達到調(diào)速的目的。
本系統(tǒng)采用AT89S51單片機來控制步進電機，不僅可以實現(xiàn)電機的正反轉(zhuǎn)，還可以實現(xiàn)17級調(diào)速，以及LED狀態(tài)顯示功能，電路設(shè)計可靠且易于實現(xiàn)，程序設(shè)計簡單易懂。本系統(tǒng)主要由按鍵電路、單片機最小系統(tǒng)、AT89S51單片機、步進電機狀態(tài)顯示電路、驅(qū)動電路以及步進電機等幾部分組成。輸出驅(qū)動電路采用一個六非門芯片74LS04和四個三極管，來驅(qū)動步進電機的四相繞組。短路保護采用一個0.4A的保險管，防止因繞組短路而燒毀燒毀電機。





關(guān)鍵詞：步進電機 單片機 單片機最小系統(tǒng) 子程序






Based on the single chip microcomputer to control the step motor controller
Abstract：Stepper motor is electrical pulse signal into angular or linear displacement of open-loop control stepping parts. In non-overload of situation Xia, motor of speed, and stop of location only depends on pulse signal of frequency and pulse number, and does not by load changes of effect, dang step into drive received to a pulse signal, it on drive step into motor by set of direction turns a fixed of angle, called "step from angle", it of rotating is to fixed of angle a step a step run of. By controlling the number of pulses to control the amount of angular displacement, so as to achieve accurate positioning of purpose ; at the same time you can control pulse frequency controlled motor rotation speed and Acceleration, so as to achieve the purpose of speed.
The system uses AT89S51single-chip microcomputer to control the stepper motor, which can not only realize the motor positive inversion, can also realize the17 step speed regulation, and the LED state display function, circuit design and reliable and easy to realize, the program design is simple and easy to understand. This system is mainly composed of a key circuit, MCU minimum system, AT89S51 MCU, step motor status display circuit, driving circuit and step motor etc.. The output driver circuit uses a six NAND chip 74LS04and four three transistor, to drive the stepper motor four phase winding. Short circuit protection using a 0.4A insurance tube, prevent the winding short circuit and burn down motor.

Key Words:Stepping motor Single chip microcomputer The smallest single-chip system Subroutine



目錄
引言 1
第一章 設(shè)計方案 2
1.1 設(shè)計思路 2
1.2 總體設(shè)計框圖 2
第二章 設(shè)計原理分析 3
2.1 步進電機 3
2.1.1 概述 3
2.1.2 優(yōu)點 3
2.1.3 驅(qū)動方法 4
2.2 AT89S51單片機及其最小系統(tǒng) 5
2.2.1 結(jié)構(gòu) 6
2.2.2 功能 6
2.3 按鍵電路 9
2.4 步進電機狀態(tài)顯示電路 9
2.5 步進電機驅(qū)動電路 9
第三章 程序原理分析 11
3．1 程序設(shè)計思路 11
3．2程序分析 11
3.3 定時器計數(shù)初值的設(shè)定 12
3.4 程序設(shè)計流程圖 14
總結(jié) 15
參考文獻 16
附錄 17
附錄1 步進電機總體控制電路 17
附錄2 源程序代碼 18