以弗洛伊德精神分析法解讀《致艾米麗的玫瑰》中艾米麗的悲劇成因

英語(yǔ)論文

摘要

威廉·?？思{ (1897-1962）是美國(guó)著名現(xiàn)代主義作家的代表，也是美國(guó)南方文學(xué)的領(lǐng)袖。《致艾米麗的玫瑰》作為?？思{最著名的短篇小說(shuō)之一，其生動(dòng)地刻畫(huà)了艾米麗，一個(gè)南方貴族婦人凄涼神秘的生活經(jīng)歷。歷年來(lái)已經(jīng)有許多學(xué)者和文章對(duì)其進(jìn)行了深刻的分析與解讀。然而，從弗洛伊德精神分析法角度對(duì)其的分析和解讀卻不多。本文將從弗洛伊德精神分析法角度分析這篇文章并更深入的分析艾米麗以及作者的內(nèi)心世界，特別是威廉·?？思{南方情懷意識(shí)影響下艾米麗所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的多重人格特征和扭曲的心態(tài)。
本文由五部分組成。第一章介紹?？思{，他的作品《致艾米麗的玫瑰》以及本文的寫(xiě)作背景和目的。第二章介紹弗洛伊德精神分析法，包括了意識(shí)理論和人格理論。第三章從精神分析法角度分析這篇小說(shuō)，著重于以弗洛伊德意識(shí)理論和人格理論分析艾米麗悲劇的成因，主要包括南方情節(jié)影響下的福克納創(chuàng)作的主人公艾米麗的復(fù)雜心理。這也是本文的主要組成部分。第四章主要是對(duì)艾米麗的人格結(jié)構(gòu)分析。第五章是結(jié)論部分，闡明了《致艾米麗的玫瑰》是作者復(fù)雜的南方情節(jié)的產(chǎn)物，艾米麗的悲劇主要是由社會(huì)環(huán)境以及她自己的分裂人格造成的，艾米麗對(duì)幸福的追求無(wú)可厚非但是必須限制在符合道德倫理和法律的范圍內(nèi)，同時(shí)艾米麗是新價(jià)值觀和傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀沖突下的犧牲品。

關(guān)鍵詞：威廉?？思{；艾米麗；弗洛伊德；精神分析；悲劇


Causes of Emily’s Tragedy: Analysis of Freudian Psychoanalysis into A Rose for Emily

Abstract

William Faulkner (1897-1962）is a renowned modernist and one of the pioneers of the South American Literature. As one of Faulkner’s best-known short stories，A Rose for Emily vividly describes Emily，a southern aristocratic lady’s plaintive and mysterious life experiences. Many scholars have studied the novel deeply while a few people analyse it from the perspective of Freudian psychoanalysis. This thesis will interpret this novel in the angle of Freudian psychoanalysis with an attempt to unscramble Emily as well as the real self of Faulkner. This thesis will analyse Emily’s alternating personality and distorted psychology under the influence of Faulkner’s localism.
This thesis consists of five sections. Section 1 briefly introduces Faulkner and his work A Rose for Emily, also the research background and research purpose of the thesis. Section 2 investigates the theory of Freudian psychoanalytic, including the subconscious theory and personality theory. Section 3 is an interpretation of the novel from the psychoanalytic point of view, focusing on the causes of Emily’s tragedy. This thesis will interpret Emily’s complicated mentality and analyse Emily’s alternating personality which forms the main part of the thesis. In this section, the thesis will decipher the causes from two more detailed aspects: subconscious theory and personality theory. Section 4 detailed analyses Emily’s personality from three aspects: id, ego and superego. In section 5, a conclusion is drawn that the novel is a product of Faulkner’s localism and Emily’s tragedy is mainly caused by the social environment and her split personality. The pursuit of happiness and perfection is incontrovertible while it must be limited in legal and ethical scope. Emily is just one of the victims of the conflict between the new values and the traditional values.
Key words: William Faulkner, Emily, Freud, psychoanalysis, tragedy


Contents

Section 1 Introduction 1
1.1 William Faulkner and his works 1
1.2 A Brief Introduction of the Novel A Rose for Emily 1
1.3 Research Background and Research Purpose 2
Section 2 Key Theories of Freudian Psychoanalysis 4
2.1 Subconscious Theory 4
2.2 Personality Theory 4
2.2.1 Id 5
2.2.2 Ego 5
2.2.3 Superego 5
Section 3 Psychoanalysis Interpretations of A Rose for Emily 8
3.1 Emily under the Influence of Faulkner’s Localism 8
3.2 Emily under the Influence of Obsession of Hierarchy 9
3.3 William Faulkner’s Love to the South and its Influence on Emily’s Fate 10
Section 4 Personality Structure of Emily 12
4.1 Emily under the Impulse of Id 12
4.2 Emily under the Influence of Superego 13
4.3 Emily under the Influence of Ego: People in the Town 15
Section 5 Conclusion 17
Bibliography 19
Acknowledgements 20