活性白土的制備及對(duì)鉛鉻黃吸附性能的研究

摘要

本次實(shí)驗(yàn)以云南曲靖鈣基膨潤(rùn)土為原料，研究采用濕法制備活性白土的工藝；同時(shí)也對(duì)活性白土對(duì)鉛鉻黃的吸附性能研究進(jìn)行了研究。

活性白土的制備的實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中研究了硫酸與鹽酸的濃度、溫度、時(shí)間、硫酸與鹽酸組成的混酸體積比、酸固比對(duì)活性白土的主要性能指標(biāo)的影響。研究結(jié)果表明活性白土的制備的最佳工藝條件：混酸體積比為1:1、酸固比4:1、活化溫度70℃、活化時(shí)間4h，可得到的活性度為211.3，脫色率為89.9%的高效活性白土。

活性白土對(duì)鉛鉻黃的吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中研究了活性白的使用量、吸附時(shí)間和吸附溫度對(duì)吸附效率的影響。研究結(jié)果表明鉛鉻黃吸附的最佳工藝條件：吸附溫度27℃、吸附時(shí)間50min、活性白土用量3.00g、對(duì)體積為50ml，濃度為0.2mg/L的鉛鉻黃模擬廢液吸附率達(dá)到99.10%。吸附后的鉛鉻黃廢液完全達(dá)到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

關(guān)鍵字:膨潤(rùn)土，活性白土，混酸改性，吸附，鉛鉻黃

ABSTRACT

In this experiment, Yunnan Qujing calcium bentonite as raw material, the activated clay prepared by wet process; but also on activated clay for lead chrome yellow Adsorption was studied. 

    Activated clay prepared experiment studied the concentration of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, temperature, time, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid mixture consisting of the volume ratio of the acid activated clay solid ratio on the impact of key performance indicators. The results showed that the preparation of activated clay optimum conditions: mixed acid volume ratio of 1:1, 4:1 solid acid activation temperature 70℃, activation time 4h, the activity can be obtained 211.3 degrees, the decolorization rate was 89.9% efficient activated clay.

Lead chrome yellow activated clay adsorption experiments studied the use of the active white, adsorption time and adsorption temperature on the adsorption efficiency. The results showed that the adsorption of lead chrome yellow optimum conditions: adsorption temperature 27℃, adsorption time 50min, activated clay dosage 3.00g, on a volume of 50ml, the concentration of 0.2mg/L of lead chrome yellow simulated wastewater adsorption rate reached 99.10% . After adsorption of lead chrome yellow waste fully meet the emission standards of industrial production.

Keywords：Bentonite, activated clay, mixed acid modification, adsorption, lead chrome yellow

目 錄

摘  要 I

ABSTRACT II

1 緒論 1

1.1 膨潤(rùn)土 1

1.2膨潤(rùn)土的用途 1

1.3 課題背景 2

1.4活性白土 3

1.5活性白土制備機(jī)理 3

1.6活性白土的生產(chǎn)工藝 4

1.7 活性白土的用途 5

1.7.1 植物油的凈化 5

1.7.2催化劑 6

1.7.3無(wú)碳復(fù)寫紙生產(chǎn) 6

1.7.4環(huán)保 6

1.7.5其他方面 6

1.8活性白土研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 6

1.9鉛鉻黃 7

1.9.1鉛鉻黃的用途 7

1.9.2鉛鉻黃工業(yè)污染的形成 8

1.9.3活性白土對(duì)鉛鉻黃的吸附機(jī)理和研究方法 8

2 實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 9

2.1實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器和藥品 9

2.1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器設(shè)備 9

2.1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)藥品 9

2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方案 9

2.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟 10

2.3.1 H2SO4制備活性白土 10

2.3.2 HCl制備活性白土 11

2.3.3混酸制備活性白土 11

2.3.4活性白土對(duì)鉛鉻黃的吸附 12

2.4產(chǎn)品的檢測(cè)方法 12

2.4.1活性白土的分類、型號(hào)和代號(hào) 12

2.4.2 活性白土的性能參數(shù) 12

2.4.3活性度的檢測(cè) 13

2.4.4 脫色率的檢測(cè) 13

3 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析 15

3.1單一酸制備活性白土 15

3.1.1 H2SO4制備活性白土 15

3.1.2 HCl制備活性白土 16

3.2混酸制備活性白土 17

3.2.1混酸體積比對(duì)活性白土性能的影響 17

3.2.2酸固比對(duì)活性白土性能的影響 18

3.2.3活化溫度對(duì)活性白土性能的影響 19

3.2.4活化時(shí)間對(duì)活性白土性能的影響 20

3.2.5混酸制備活性白土小結(jié) 21

3.3活性白土對(duì)鉛鉻黃的吸附 21

3.3.1鉛鉻黃標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液的吸光度曲線繪制 21

3.3.2活性白土用量對(duì)吸附效率的影響 22

3.3.3吸附溫度對(duì)吸附效率的影響 22

3.3.4吸附時(shí)間對(duì)吸附效率的影響 23

3.3.5鉛鉻黃吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)小結(jié) 23

3.4不同酸化劑制備活性白土的IR分析 23

4 結(jié)論及展望 25

參考文獻(xiàn) 26

致 謝 28