摘  要

科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展與進(jìn)步給人們的生活帶來了前所未有的便利，如電力技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展與應(yīng)用，合成材料的誕生，新能源的不斷涌現(xiàn)，自動化程度的不斷提高等等，使人們的衣食住行條件得到了極大的改善。然而其負(fù)面的作用也隨之凸顯出來，如液化石油氣，各種電子產(chǎn)品，易燃裝飾材料等我們身邊經(jīng)常接觸到的一些普通生活用品，為火災(zāi)的發(fā)生埋下了巨大的隱患，人們在享受科技帶來的便利之外無時不在受到潛在的火災(zāi)的威脅。所謂水火無情，為了避免火災(zāi)以及減少火災(zāi)造成的損失，讓人們的生活更加安寧，殘酷的現(xiàn)實以及觸目驚心的教訓(xùn)要求我們必須設(shè)計和完善火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)，提高火災(zāi)的預(yù)警與早期處理水平，將火災(zāi)消滅在萌芽狀態(tài)，最大限度地減少社會財富的損失?；诖?，本文從生活中的實際情況著手，設(shè)計了一種適用于多種公共場所的基于單片機的火災(zāi)智能報警系統(tǒng)。該火災(zāi)報警系統(tǒng)是以AT89C51單片機作為控制中心，接受、處理火災(zāi)探測器輸出的煙霧濃度信號、溫度信號，并進(jìn)行聲光報警。它通過不斷的向現(xiàn)場發(fā)射巡檢信號來監(jiān)視現(xiàn)場的溫度、煙霧濃度等，并不斷反饋給報警控制器，控制器將接到的信號與內(nèi)存的正常整定值比較、判斷確定是否有火災(zāi)的發(fā)生。當(dāng)現(xiàn)場煙霧或者溫度發(fā)生異常，或者發(fā)生火災(zāi)時，可實現(xiàn)聲光報警、煙霧濃度、溫度報警限設(shè)置、故障自診斷、延時報警等，是一種結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、性能穩(wěn)定、使用方便、價格低廉、智能化的煙霧傳感器，具有一定的實用價值。

關(guān)鍵詞：AT89C51單片機，智能報警，傳感器，控制器

Abstract

The rapid development and progress of science and technology has brought unprecedented convenience to people's life,as the rapid development of electric technology and application of composite materials, the constantly emerging of the new energy, the constant improvement of the degree of automation, etc. make people's food and clothing live line conditions improved greatly. However, its negative effect also stands out, some ordinary articles for daily use such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), all kinds of electronic products, flammable decorative materials around us, buried the huge hidden trouble for the beginning of the fire, people enjoying the convenience from technology constantly under the threat of potential fire. So-called water ruthless, in order to avoid fire and reduce fire losses, make people's life more peaceful, the harsh reality and shocking lesson requires us to design and improve the automatic fire alarm system and improve the level of fire early warning and handling, which will make a fire in the bud, to minimize the loss of wealth of society.Based on this, this text set about from the actual situation in life, we design a kind of intelligent fire detection and alarm system  suitable for a variety of public places of based on single chip microcomputer. The fire alarm system based on AT89C51 as the control center, accepts and treats the signal of  smoke concentration and temperature of the smoke fire detector,  alarming with sound and light. Through sending inspection signal to the site inspection, it monitors the temperature and smoke concentration, and constantly feedbacks to alarm controller, the controller will receive the signal compared with the normal setting value of the memory and judgment whether there is a fire happening. When the smoke temperature anomalies, or there is a fire, it can realize sound and light alarm, the setting of smoke concentration and temperature alarm limit, fault self-diagnosis, delayed alarm, etc.It's a kind of intelligent smoke sensor,which has certain practical value ,with the simple structure, stable performance, convenient using, low costing, and so on.

Keywords: AT89C51 single chip microcomputer, Intelligent alarm, Sensor, Controller

目  錄

1 緒論 1

1.1 選題的背景及意義 1

1.2 國內(nèi)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和現(xiàn)狀 1

1.2.1 火災(zāi)報警系統(tǒng)發(fā)展歷程 1

1.2.2 國內(nèi)外火災(zāi)報警系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2

2 火災(zāi)報警系統(tǒng)及其整體方案設(shè)計 4

2.1 火災(zāi)發(fā)生時的特點 4

2.2火災(zāi)報警系統(tǒng)功能及其類型 5

2.3 本系統(tǒng)的總體方案設(shè)計 6

2.3.1 本設(shè)計的研究范圍 6

2.3.2 系統(tǒng)的硬件總體結(jié)構(gòu) 7

2.3.3 系統(tǒng)軟件總體結(jié)構(gòu) 8

3 系統(tǒng)的硬件選擇與設(shè)計 9

3.1 主要芯片的選擇 9

3.1.1 單片機的選擇 9

3.1.2 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換芯片的選擇 10

3.2 傳感器的選擇 13

3.2.1火災(zāi)探測器的分類 13

3.2.2 溫度探測器的選定 14

3.2.3 煙霧傳感器的選擇 16

3.3 各電路模塊的設(shè)計 19

3.3.1單片機外圍接口電路 19

3.3.2 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換電路 20

3.3.3 煙霧信號調(diào)理電路 22

3.3.4 光報警電路 23

3.3.5 聲報警電路 23

3.3.6 報警器故障自診斷 23

4 火災(zāi)報警系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計 24

4.1 軟件開發(fā)環(huán)境 24

4.2 火災(zāi)報警系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計 24

4.2.1主程序流程圖 24

4.2.2 主程序初始化流程圖 25

4.2.3數(shù)據(jù)采集子程序 25

4.2.4 火災(zāi)判斷與報警程序 26

4.2.5 濾波子程序 27

5功能仿真驗證分析 29

5.1關(guān)于仿真與編程軟件 29

5.2 Protues仿真原理圖 29

6 總結(jié)與展望 30

6.1 總結(jié) 30

6.2 展望 31

致  謝 32

參考文獻(xiàn) 33

附  錄 34