電網(wǎng)過(guò)電壓分析與監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)

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摘要 隨著近年來(lái)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，電力系統(tǒng)的配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)日益龐大，自然災(zāi)害尤其是雷電所引起的配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也在隨之上漲。如何減少雷電災(zāi)害對(duì)配電網(wǎng)的影響，確保配電網(wǎng)的安全運(yùn)行，以此來(lái)減少日常生產(chǎn)中的停電時(shí)間，已經(jīng)成為電力企業(yè)首先要解決的問(wèn)題。
配電網(wǎng)的組成由配電線路、配電提供所、配電用戶等三方面所組成的，對(duì)于配電網(wǎng)的功效就是成功的把電力安全的輸送給用戶，保證用戶用電的正常。通常對(duì)于10KV以下的電壓，一般都是由配電線路直接對(duì)配電用戶提供電壓的，但是其中對(duì)于配電網(wǎng)有著一個(gè)非常大的漏洞，那就是其絕緣水平地下，所以特別容易產(chǎn)生絕緣事故。
對(duì)于電力系統(tǒng)事故的原因，根據(jù)其能量來(lái)源，主要分為兩點(diǎn)：內(nèi)部過(guò)電壓和雷電過(guò)電壓。目前，國(guó)外例如韓國(guó)、日本、美國(guó)、臺(tái)灣等國(guó)家和地區(qū)對(duì)兩類(lèi)過(guò)電壓的防護(hù)研究及應(yīng)用已相當(dāng)成熟，雖然我國(guó)也一直致力于推動(dòng)電網(wǎng)的防雷工作，但由于直擊雷過(guò)電壓對(duì)配電網(wǎng)的影響比較大，目前大部分電力企業(yè)對(duì)雷電過(guò)電壓的研究仍主要集中在直擊雷過(guò)電壓上，對(duì)感應(yīng)雷過(guò)電壓的研究相對(duì)較少。
電網(wǎng)的防護(hù)，很大程度要以電網(wǎng)的分析和監(jiān)測(cè)得到數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果作為基礎(chǔ)，才能更好的進(jìn)行相關(guān)的防護(hù)措施。本課題主要從實(shí)際出發(fā)，將直擊雷電過(guò)電壓和感應(yīng)過(guò)電壓對(duì)線路的影響進(jìn)行對(duì)比、尋找感應(yīng)過(guò)電壓的形成原因，通過(guò)雷電感應(yīng)過(guò)電壓模型的研究，分析雷電流的參數(shù)、線路高度、累計(jì)點(diǎn)、大地電導(dǎo)率等對(duì)架空輸電線路感應(yīng)雷電過(guò)電壓幅值和波形的影響，以及線路避雷器的安裝方式、安裝位置對(duì)配電網(wǎng)架空輸電線路感應(yīng)過(guò)電壓的防護(hù)能力，達(dá)到限制，降低感應(yīng)雷電過(guò)電壓的目的。通過(guò)分析、監(jiān)測(cè)，為配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)的防雷工作提供依據(jù)和參考。

關(guān)鍵詞：電網(wǎng) 過(guò)電壓 在線監(jiān)測(cè) ATP

Overvoltage analysis and monitoring technology
ABSTRACT With the rapid development of social economy in recent years, the distribution network of power system increasingly large, natural disasters, especially the lightning caused by distribution network failure risk is also rising. How to reduce the influence of lightning disaster for the distribution network, to ensure the safe operation of distribution network, in order to reduce the daily production outage time, has become the first to solve the problem of electric power enterprise.
The composition of the three aspects of distribution network by the power distribution lines, distribution, distribution of the user, for distribution network effect is successful to transport electricity safety to the user, ensures the normal power. Usually for a voltage below 10KV, usually directly from the distribution line to provide voltage distribution, but there is a very big holes in the distribution network, which is the insulation level underground, so it is especially easy to produce insulation accident.
The reason for the failure of electric power system, according to the sources of energy, could be divided into two parts: Internal Overvoltage and lightning over voltage. Statistics show that, the harm of lightning overvoltage is bigger, and the harm of lightning mainly in two forms: direct lightning overvoltage and lightning induced over voltages. At present, such as Korea, Japan, foreign American, Taiwan and other countries and regions on two types of overvoltage protection research and application has been quite mature, although China has been committed to promoting the lightning protection network, but due to the lightning over voltage of the distribution network is relatively large, the most power enterprises over voltage the lightning was concentrated over voltage on direct lightning overvoltage, study on lightning induced less .
Power system protection, to a large extent by the analysis and monitoring of grid data as the basis, the relevant protective measures to better. This paper mainly embarks from the reality, will direct lightning overvoltage and induction were compared, effects of over voltage on the line for the causes of induced overvoltage, research by lightning induction voltage model, analysis of the influence of the parameters of lightning current, line height, total point, the earth electrical conductivity on overhead transmission line lightning induction over voltage amplitude and waveform, and installation, the installation position of the line arrester Overvoltage on overhead transmission line in distribution network induction protection capability, limit, reduce the overvoltage induction lightning to. Through the analysis, monitoring, and can provide reference for lightning protection of distribution network.
Key words   Power grid Over voltage Online monitoring ATP

目錄
引言 1
第一章 概述 2
1.1過(guò)電壓分析與在線監(jiān)測(cè)的意義 2
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 4
1.2.1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀介紹 4
1.2.2國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀分析 5
1.2.3發(fā)展趨勢(shì)分析 9
1.3本課題的研究?jī)?nèi)容 10
1.4小結(jié) 10
第二章 過(guò)電壓分類(lèi)及特點(diǎn) 11
2.1 大氣過(guò)電壓 11
2.1.1雷電形成過(guò)程 12
2.1.2雷電過(guò)程 12
2.1.3雷電過(guò)電壓分類(lèi)及特點(diǎn) 13
2.1.4雷電對(duì)高壓輸電線路的影響 13
2.2 內(nèi)部過(guò)電壓 13
2.2.1工頻過(guò)電壓 14
2.2.2 操作過(guò)電壓 15
2.2.3諧振過(guò)電壓 16
2.3 小結(jié) 17
第三章 過(guò)電壓的防護(hù)措施和參數(shù)計(jì)算 18
3.1關(guān)于雷電過(guò)電..